18.6.2014

M3 Light

Yhdysvalloissa vaunujen valmistus alkoi suurella kiireellä 1940, heti ranskan miehityksen jälkeen.

Vuoden 1940 aikana, ranskan valtauksen jälkeen yhdysvallat alkoi ymmärtää tankkien
keskitetyn käytön omana erillisenä ryhmittymänä ja mahtava auto ja moottoriteollisuus herätetiin nopeasti panssarivaunujen ja panssaroitujen ajoneuvojen tuotantoon. 

GM alkoi valmisti panssarivaunuja, joita oli kaikkien liittoutuneiden maiden käytössä.
Englantilaiset antoi näille panssarivaunuille nimen Stuart (vertaa A36 = Mustang).

Ensimmäinen runko = pohjalevy ja voimansiito ratkaisu M2 Medium, oli jo olemassa
ja toiminnassa, joten tämän valmiin ratkaisun päälle kehitettiin uudesti muotoiltu kori. Ensimmäinen versio sai nimen M3 ja seuraavat mallit M3A1, M3A2, M3A3, M3A4.
                                                                                                 M3A1
Yhdysvaltain armeijan käyttöön nämä ensimmäiset vaunut saatiin 1941. Vuosi 1942 alkaen nämä vaunut oli kaikkien panssari divisioonien tiedustelu komppanioden ja panssarivaunu pataljoonien tiedustelu joukkueiden käytössä sodan loppuun asti. 

M3 sarjan vaunuja valmistettiin yhteensä 13859 kpl ja Light sarja oli eniten valmistettu kevyt panssarivaunu tyyppi sodan aikana.
Taistelussa M3 vaunut oli ensi kerran Pohjois-Afrikassa 1941, ja viimeisen kerran 1945 Burmassa ja Tyynenmeren saarilla käydyissä taisteluissa. Koska Japanilla ei ollut tehokasta torjunta kalustoa, nämä heikosti panssaroidut ja kevyesti aseistetut vaunut
olivat hyvin käyttökelpoisia.

Näiden vaunujen etu panssarin muotoilu oli huono...

                               
...mallissa M3A3 alkaen panssarin muotoilu joka oli viisto, oli nyt yhtenäinen ja telaston yläpuolella oleva panssarointi oli uusi ja ulottui telan yläpuolelle. Myös vaunun runko oli laajennettu, joka käytettiin ammusten määrän ja polttoaine säiliön laajentamiseksi. 

Vaunun runko ja torni oli valmistettu niittauksella, myöhemmin ne hitsattiin yhteen.
Vaunun tornissa oli pää aseena 37 mm tykki, jossa oli vakaaja, konekivääreitä näissä vaunuissa oli 3 - 5 kpl. 
                                                                         Japanilaisten kaappamia M3 vaunuja

Ensimmäisten vaunujen moottori oli 7 sylinterinen otto, 250 hp / 184 kw, ilmajäähdys, bensiini. Yleisin moottori tyyppi oli kuitenkin 220 hp / 164 kw, 7 sylinteri, bensiini.
Yhteensä 711 vaunua varustettiin diesel mootorilla, joita valmistettiin kaksi eri sarjaa
joissa kummassakin sarjassa oli erilainen diesel moottori.

M5 ja M5A1 sarjan vaunuissa oli kaksi 121 hp / 89 kw bensiini, otto moottoria.
Kaikki M3 Light sarjan vaunut oli hyvin nopeita, teho-paino 20 hp / tonni.

                     
Neuvostoliittoon toimitettiin 1941 M3 Light ja myöhemmin myös M5 Light vaunuja.
Vaunujen taisteluarvo oli sama luokka, kuin Neuvostoliiton T-26 ja BT sarjan vaunut.
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M3A3
Type: Light tank
Place of origin: United States
Production history: Produced 1941–1945
Number built: 15150 M3 all versions
Weight: 32,400 lb (14,700 kg)
Length: 14 ft 2.4 in (4.33 m)
Width: 8 ft 1.2 in (2.47 m)
Height: 7 ft 6 in (2.29 m)
Crew: 4 (Commander, gunner, driver, co-driver)
Armor: 13–51 mm (0.51–2.01 in)
Armament: 37 mm M6 in M44 mount / 174 rounds + 3 × .30-06 Browning M1919A4 MG / 7,500 rounds
Engine: Continental W-670-9A, 7 Cylinder air-cooled radial 250 hp (190 kW)
Power/weight: 17.82 hp/tonne
Suspension: Vertical volute spring
Range: 74 mi (119 km)
Speed: 36 mph (58 km/h) road, 18 mph (29 km/h) off-road.
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The M3 Stuart, formally Light Tank M3, was an American light tank of World War II. It was supplied to British and Commonwealth forces under lend-lease prior to the entry of the U.S. into the war. 
Thereafter, it was used by U.S. and Allied forces until the end of the war.
The name General Stuart or Stuart given by the British comes from the American Civil War Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and was used for both the M3 and the derivative M5 Light Tank. 

In British service, it also had the unofficial nickname of Honey after a tank driver remarked "She's a honey".
To the United States Army, the tanks were officially known only as Light Tank M3 and Light Tank M5 Stuart.
The M3 Stuarts were the first American-crewed tanks in World War II to engage the enemy in tank versus tank combat.

Observing events in Europe, American tank designers realized that the Light Tank M2 was becoming obsolete and set about improving it. 
The upgraded design, with thicker armor, modified suspension and new gun recoil system was called "Light Tank M3". Production of the vehicle started in March 1941 and continued until October 1943. 

Like its direct predecessor, the M2A4, the M3 was initially armed with a 37mm M5 gun and five .30-06 Browning M1919A4 machine guns: coaxial with the gun, on top of the turret in an M20 anti-aircraft mount, in a ball mount in right bow, and in the right and left hull sponsons. 
Later, the gun was replaced with slightly longer M6, and sponson machine guns were removed.
Internally, the radial engine was at the rear and the transmission to the driving sprockets at the front. The prop shaft connecting the two ran through the middle of the fighting compartment. 
The radial engine compounded the problem, having its crankshaft high off the hull bottom. When a turret floor was introduced the crew had less room. The rear idler sprocket was moved to a trailing (ground contact) position.

To relieve the demand for the radial aero-engines used in the M3, a new version was developed using twin Cadillac V-8 automobile engines and twin Hydra-Matic transmissions operating through a transfer case. This variation was quieter, cooler and roomier. Owing to its automatic transmission it also simplified crew training. 
When the U.S. Army joined the North African Campaign in late 1942, Stuart units still formed a large part of its armor strength. After the disastrous Battle of Kasserine Pass, the U.S. quickly followed the British in disbanding most of their light tank battalions and subordinating the Stuarts to medium tank battalions performing the traditional cavalry missions of scouting and screening. 
                    
In Europe, Allied light tanks had to be given cavalry and infantry fire support roles since their main cannon armament could not compete with heavier enemy armored fighting vehicles. 

However, the Stuart was still effective in combat in the Pacific Theater, as Japanese tanks were both relatively rare and were lighter in armor than even Allied light tanks. 

Japanese infantrymen were not well equipped with anti-tank weapons, and as such had to use close assault tactics. In this environment, the Stuart was only moderately more vulnerable than medium tanks. In addition, the terrain and poor roads common to the theater were unsuitable for the much heavier tanks, and so initially, for both sides, it was advantageous to deploy light armor.

Heavier tanks were eventually brought to overcome heavily entrenched positions, though the Stuart continued to serve in a combat capacity until the end of the war.

In addition to the U.S, UK and Soviet Union, who were the primary users, it was also used by France, China M3A3s, and Josip Broz Tito's Partisans in Yugoslavia M3A3s and few M3A1.

4 kommenttia:

  1. Vastaukset
    1. Good morning, Rodger.
      M3 is also very significant wagon.
      U.S. tanks began manufacturing this pram.
      Weakest its represented M3 Lee / Grant wagons..

      Poista
  2. I've always liked this little tank, I've owned a few models over the years.

    VastaaPoista
    Vastaukset
    1. Moi Francis.
      Thank you for your comment.
      I have one Hasegawa, + riding man,
      one matchbox and a couple, maybe esci (yellow).
      The year model 1970 - 1975.

      Happy midsummer celebration time.
      Here is now the height of summer celebration time,
      Campfire Fire, dances and tangos, lakeside wooden pallet time.
      after 21 day the darkness begins to increase day by day

      Poista

Any explosive ammunition or empty cores, you can put in this.