Bolševikit olivat kaapanneet vallan Venäjällä 7.– 8. marraskuu 1917 välisenä yönä. Joulukuun 4. päivänä 1917 P. E. Svinhufvudin johtama porvarillinen Svinhufvudin senaatti antoi Suomen itsenäisyysjulistuksen, minkä jälkeen eduskunta joulukuun 6. päivä äänin 100 - 88 hyväksyi hallituksen toimia tukevan päätöslauselman. Sosiaalidemokraatit äänestivät oman vastaesityksensä puolesta, jossa myös kannatettiin Suomen itsenäisyyttä, mutta edellytettiin asiasta sopimista Neuvosto-Venäjän kanssa pelkän yksipuolisen irtautumisen sijaan.
Näin ollen Svinhufvudin itsenäisyyssenaatin ainoa mahdollisuus oli pyytää itsenäisyystunnustusta bolševikkihallitukselta, kansankomissaarien neuvostolta Pietarista. Vuoden 1917 viimeisenä päivänä, 31. joulukuuta, V. I. Leninin johtama kansankomissaarien neuvosto tunnusti Suomen itsenäistymisen.
Tammikuun 1918 aikana Suomi sai itsenäistymiselleen tunnustukset useimmilta Euroopan mailta, mukaan lukien Pohjoismaat.
Ranska ja Ruotsi tunnustivat Suomen 4. tammikuuta ja Saksa 6. tammikuuta 1918.
Iso-Britannia ja Yhdysvallat antoivat tunnustuksensa vasta runsasta vuotta myöhemmin, ensimmäisen maailmansodan päätyttyä
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Ensi askeleita ottava, 6.12. 1917 itsenäistynyt valtio, päätti ostaa moderneja renault vaunuja, joita saapui vuosina 1918- 1919 yhteensä 32 kappaletta.
Niistä 14 oli "koiraita" ja 18 "naaraita".
Suomalaiset Renaultit erosivat myös tornin muodon perusteella.
Toisissa vaunuissa joiden ase oli Hotskiss konekivääri, Berlietin tehtaan pyöreä torni.
Hyökkäysvaunu-rykmentti, eli suomen panssarivaunu joukot, perustettiin 14.7.1919.
Kaksi vaunua lainattiin Venäjän valkoisen armeijan käyttöön, Kenraali Judenitsin britti joukoille Ranskalaisten vaatimuksesta.
Niissä oli ranskalainen miehistö joka kuului valkoisten joukkojen virosta Pietarin (st Petersburg) suuntaan hyökkäävään liitoutuneiden armeijaan.
Ranska korvasi nämä kaksi vaunua suomelle myöhemmin.
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Hakaristiä maalataan Uumajassa 2.3.1918. Neljä päivää myöhemmin kone lennettiin Suomeen. Virallisesti tämä Morane-Saulnier P oli suomen ensimmäinen lentokone.
Kenraali ja komentaja Garl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim päiväkäsky No 26, 18.3.1918.
Kaikkien joukkojemme tiedoksi ilmoitetaan täten, että lentokoneemme tulevat toistaiseksi käyttämään tuntomerkkinä siivissä ja rungossa seuraavaa hakaristi merkkiä sinisellä värillä ja ohjaimeen on kiinnittettävä punainen lippu jossa on keltainen pystysuora risti.
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The Finnish declaration of independence (Finnish: Suomen itsenäisyysjulistus; Swedish: Finlands självständighetsförklaring) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, among nations and a sovereign republic and therefore broke the country free from being the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland.
The February and the October Revolution in 1917, had also ignited hopes in the Grand Duchy of Finland. After the abdication of Grand Duke Nicholas II on 15 March 1917, the personal union between Russia and Finland lost its legal base – at least according to the view in Helsinki. There were negotiations between the Russian Interim Government and Finnish authorities.
The resulting proposal, approved by the interim government, was heavily rewritten in the Parliament and transformed into the so-called Power Act (Finnish: Valtalaki, Swedish: Maktlagen), in which it declared itself now having all powers of legislation, except in respect of foreign policy and military issues, and also that it could be dissolved only by itself. At the time of voting it was believed that the Interim Government would be defeated. The Interim Government sustained, did not approve the act and dissolved the Parliament.
After new elections and the defeat of the interim government, on 5 November, the Parliament declared itself to be "the possessor of supreme State power" in Finland, based on Finland's Constitution, and more precisely on §38 in the old Instrument of Government of 1772, which had been enacted by the Estates after Gustav III's bloodless coup.
On 15 November 1917, the Bolsheviks declared a general right of self-determination, including the right of complete secession, "for the Peoples of Russia". On the same day the Finnish Parliament issued a declaration by which it assumed, pro tempore, all powers of the Sovereign in Finland.
The old Instrument of Government was however no longer deemed suitable. Leading circles had long held monarchism and hereditary nobility to be antiquated, and advocated a republican constitution for Finland.
The Senate of Finland, the government the Parliament had appointed in November, came back to the Parliament with a proposal for a new republican Instrument of Government on 4 December. The Declaration of Independence was technically given the form of a preamble of the proposition, and was intended to be agreed by the Parliament. Parliament adopted the Declaration on 6 December.
On 18 December (31 December N. S.) the Soviet Russian government issued a Decree, recognizing Finland's independence, and on 22 December (4 January 1918 N. S.) it was approved by the highest Soviet executive body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK).
Swastika is painted at Umeå on 2. march 1918
He originally saw the symbol on runestones in Gotland.
He is friend of Finland, now new independent state.
When he given first gift, to one airplane, which signified the beginning of the Finnish Air Force.
These plane is license manufactured Morane-Saulnier MS Parasol/Thulin D
Finnish Air Force adopted this, and 18.3.1918 begin used these swastika mark planes national insignia. White background coming some (about 20) years later.
General Garl Gustaf Mannerheim, his order of the day N:o 26, dated 18. march 1918.
All troops are now informed that our aircraft will use from now on as a recognition mark the following sign in blue colour on the wings and fuselage, in addition red flag
whit a yellow gross will be attached to the tail.
The Finnish Civil War (Finnish: Suomen sisällissota; Swedish: Finska inbördeskriget) concerned control and leadership of Finland, during its transition phase from a Grand Duchy of the Russian Empire to an independent state.
Finnish Civil War
Battle of Tampere
Border 1918, full movie
The conflict, lasting from 27 January to 15 May 1918, formed a part of the national, political and social turmoil caused by World War I in Europe. The war was fought between the forces of the Social Democratic Party led by the People's Deputation of Finland, commonly called the "Reds", and the forces of the non-socialist, conservative-led Senate, commonly called the "Whites".
The Reds dominated by industrial and agrarian workers were supported by the Russian Soviet Republic. The "Whites"—dominated by peasants and middle- and upper-class factions received marked military assistance from the German Empire. The "Reds" were based in the towns and industrial centres of southern Finland, while the "Whites" controlled the more rural central and northern Finland.
The "Whites" won the war, in which about 37,000 people died out of a population of 3 million.
In the aftermath of the civil war, Finland passed from Russian rule to the German Empire's sphere of power.
The conservative Finnish Senate attempted to establish a Finnish monarchy ruled by the House of Hesse, but after the defeat of Germany in World War I, Finland emerged as an independent, democratic republic.
The time of Winter War help forget the major disputes and unify the nation.
The civil war remains the most traumatic, controversial and emotionally charged event in the history of modern Finland, and there have even been disputes about how to designate it.
Three-quarters of the war victims were Reds who died mainly in political terror campaigns and in prison camps.
The civil war remains the most traumatic, controversial and emotionally charged event in the history of modern Finland, and there have even been disputes about how to designate it.
Three-quarters of the war victims were Reds who died mainly in political terror campaigns and in prison camps.
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The Kingdom of Finland (Finnish: Suomen kuningaskunta; Swedish: Kungadömet Finland) was an abortive attempt to establish a monarchy in Finland following Finland's independence from Russia. 
Selected 10/9/1918, not assumed office, announced his resignation from the position 12/14/1918.
Replica of the Crown designed for the Finnish monarch. The actual crown was never made, this replica was made from original drawings in the 1980s
Had the German Empire endured, Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse would have been installed as the King of Finland.
Finland had declared independence from what was the former Russian Empire, at that time embroiled in the Russian Civil War, on 6 December 1917. At the time of the declaration of independence, monarchists were a minority in the Finnish Parliament, and Finland was declared a republic. A civil war followed, and afterwards, while the pro-republic Social Democratic Party was excluded from the Parliament and before a new constitution was adopted, Frederick was elected to the throne of Finland on 9 October 1918.
Replica of the Crown designed for the Finnish monarch. The actual crown was never made, this replica was made from original drawings in the 1980s
Lithuania had already taken a similar step in July 1918, electing Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach, Count of Württemberg as King Mindaugas II of Lithuania. In Latvia and Estonia, a "General Provincial Assembly" consisting of Baltic-German aristocrats had called upon the German Emperor, Wilhelm II, to recognize the Baltic provinces as a joint monarchy and a German protectorate. Consequently Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was nominated Duke of "the United Baltic Duchy" by the Germans.
Independent Finland initially had, like the Baltic provinces, close ties with the German Empire. Germany was the only international power that had supported the preparations for independence, not the least by training volunteers as Finnish Jäger troops. Germany had also intervened in the Finnish Civil War, despite her own precarious situation. Finland's position vis-à-vis Germany was already evolving towards that of a protectorate by Spring 1918, and the election of Prince Frederick, brother-in-law of Wilhelm II, was viewed as a confirmation of the close relations between the two nations.
The adoption of a new monarchist constitution had been delayed (as it did not get the required qualified majority), and the legitimacy of the royal election was based upon the Instrument of Government of 1772, adopted under King Gustav III of Sweden, when Finland had been a part of Sweden. The same constitutional document had also served as the basis for the rule of the Russian Emperors, as Grand Dukes of Finland, during the 19th century.
Member of the Finnish Parliament Gustaf Arokallio suggested the monarchical designation "Charles I, King of Finland and Karelia, Duke of Åland, Grand Duke of Lapland, Lord of Kaleva and the North" (Finnish: Kaarle I, Suomen ja Karjalan kuningas, Ahvenanmaan herttua, Lapinmaan suuriruhtinas, Kalevan ja Pohjolan isäntä; Swedish: Karl I, Kung av Finland och Karelen, hertig av Åland, storhertig av Lappland, herre över Kaleva och Pohjola).
By 9 November 1918, Wilhelm II had abdicated and Germany was declared a republic. Two days later, on 11 November 1918, the armistice between the belligerents of World War I was signed. Little is known of the Allied powers' view regarding the possibility of a German-born prince as the King of Finland. However, warnings received from the West convinced the Finnish government of Prime Minister Lauri Ingman – a monarchist himself – to ask Prince Frederick to give up the crown, which he officially had not yet come to wear in Finland.
The king-elect Frederick renounced the throne on 14 December 1918. Republican parties won three quarters of the parliament's seats in the election of 1919 and Finland subsequently adopted a republican constitution.
Very very interesting!
VastaaPoistaHello, distant friend
PoistaThank you for your comment.
You know, in Finland now has three official languages.
Finland, Sweden and the Sápmi (Saame / Lappland)
In the past, 1650- 1930 nobility spoke mostly Swedish and French, or Russian.
Vyborg city was the northern Monaco 1700 - 1930
Spoken language was in Finland, Sweden, Russia, Estonia, France, Germany ...