3.4.2015

Rolls-Royce Armoured Car

                    
Rolls-Royce Armoured Car (suom. ’Rolls-Royce-panssariauto’) oli brittien ensimmäisessä maailmansodassa kehittelemä panssariauto. 
Ensimmäiset niistä otettiin käyttöön vuonna 1914, ja ne säilyivät käytössä toiseen maailmansotaan saakka.


Ensimmäinen Rolls-Royce-panssariautoista oli yksityisomistuksessa. 

Royal Naval Air Servicen Dunkerqueen sijoitetu lento-osaston komentaja Charles Rumney Samson täydensi miestensä lentopalvelusta autoilla tehdyillä tiedusteluretkillä saksalaisia partioita vastaan. Näihin tehtäviin käytettiin lentäjien omia autoja. Kolmeen näistä päätettiin 4. syyskuuta 1914 asentaa panssarointi. Ajatuksen taustalla oli Charles Samsonin veli Felix, ja Charles puolestaan ajoi ajatuksen hallinnollisesti läpi. 

Ensimmäiset kolme autoa olivat merkiltään Mercedes, Rolls-Royce ja Wolseley. 

Alkuperäisenä panssarointina oli vain kuuden millimetirn paksuinen metallilevy, joka kesti kiväärin ammuksen 500:n jaardin päästä. Charles Samsonin mukaan panssaroinnin suunnitteli Felix, mutta käytännössä se oli hyvin samanlainen kuin belgialaiset panssariautot. Aseistuksena oli ensin Lewis-pikakivääri ja sittemmin Maxim-konekivääri. 
Ensimmäiset autot valmisti dunkerquelainen laivanvalmistaja Forges et Chantiers de France.

Charles Samsonin saatua vakuutettua esimiehensä panssariautoja päätettiin rakentaa 60 kappaletta. Autot suunnitteltiin laivastoministeriön ilmailu-osastossa, ja suunnitelmat hyväksyi Winston Churchill. 
Ensimmäinen versio ei saavuttanut sotilaiden suosiota. Sen matalan panssaroinnin takia ainut miehistön suojattu jäsen oli ajaja, ja muiden piti tulen alla suojaa saadakseen käydä makuulle. 

Ensimmäiset autot olivat keskenään erilaisia. 
Useimpiin tehtiin muutoksia taistelukentällä. 


Ensimmäiset autot järjestettiin 15 auton vahvuisiksi neljäksi ryhmäksi, jotka olivat taisteluvalmiita lokakuussa 1914. Samaan aikaan auton jatkokehittely jatkui. Tykkitornillisen mallin valmisti William Beardmore and Company Glasgow’ssa
Autoissa oli 8 millimetrin panssarointi, joka teki siitä läpäisemättömän saksalaisten panssaria läpäiseville ammuksillekin.
Näissäkin autoissa oli tosin joitakin eroja toisiinsa nähden. 

Ensimmäiset tykkitornilliset autot luovutettiin Royal Naval Armoured Car Divisionille 15. marraskuuta 1914.
Sähköiset käynnistysmoottorit tulivat Rolls-Roycen panssariautoihin vuonna 1919. Sitä ennen moottori käynnistettiin käynnistyskahvalla. 
Rolls-Roycen 8 mm:n panssarointi peitti auton sisätilat ja sen moottorin. 
Auton etuosan jäähdytintä suojasi kaksi saranallista panssarilevyä, jotka suljettiin ja avattiin vivulla ajajan paikalta käsin. 

Ne suljettiin vain auton ollessa tulen alla, sillä ne häiritsivät ilman ottoa.
Auton renkaat olivat kokonaan suojaamatta

Aseistuksena oli ensin vesijäähdytteinen Maxim-konekivääri ja sittemmin Vickers-konekivääri. Konekivääri oli auton tykkitornissa.
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The Rolls-Royce armoured car was a British armoured car developed in 1914 and used in World War I and in the early part of World War II.

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) raised the first British armoured car squadron during the First World War. In September 1914 all available Rolls Royce Silver Ghost chassis were requisitioned to form the basis for the new armoured car. 

The following month a special committee of the Admiralty Air Department, among whom was Flight Commander T.G. Hetherington, designed the superstructure which consisted of armoured bodywork and a single fully rotating turret holding a regular water cooled Vickers machine gun.
Rolls Royce Armoured Car
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Rolls Royce 1920 Mk1 Armoured Car at Bovington Tank Museum
TypeArmoured car
Place of origin United Kingdom
Service history
In service1915 to 1944
Used by United Kingdom
 Ireland
 Poland
WarsWorld War IIrish Civil WarWorld War II
Production history
ManufacturerRolls-Royce
Number built120 During World War I
VariantsRolls-Royce 1920 Pattern, Rolls-Royce 1924 Pattern, Fordson Armored Car, Rolls Royce Indian Pattern
Specifications
Weight4.7 tonnes
Length4.93 m (194 in)
Width1.93 m (76 in)
Height2.54 m (100 in)
Crew3[1]

Armor12 mm (0.47 in)
Main
armament
.303 Vickers machine gun
Secondary
armament
none
Engine6-cylinder petrol, water-cooled
80 hp (60 kW)
Power/weight19 hp/tonne
Suspension4x2 wheel (double rear wheels),leaf spring
Operational
range
240 km or 150 miles
Speed72 km/h (45 mph)
The first three vehicles were delivered on 3 December 1914, although by then the mobile period on the Western Front, where the primitive predecessors of the Rolls-Royce cars had served, had already come to an end. Later in the war they served on several fronts of the Middle Eastern theatre. Chassis production was suspended in 1917 to enable Rolls-Royce to concentrate on aero engines.

The vehicle was modernized in 1920 and in 1924, resulting in the Rolls-Royce 1920 Pattern and Rolls-Royce 1924 Pattern. In 1940, 34 vehicles which served in Egypt with the 11th Hussars regiment had the "old" turret replaced with an open-topped unit carrying a Boys anti-tank rifle, .303-inch Bren machine gun and smoke-grenade launchers.
Some vehicles in Egypt received new chassis from a Fordson truck and became known as Fordson Armoured Cars. Pictures show them as equipped with what appears to be turrets fitted with a Boys ATR, a machine gun and twin light machine guns for anti-aircraft defence.

A 1924 Pattern Rolls-Royce Armoured Car with a "new" open-topped turret in the Bardia area of the Western Desert, 1940.
Six RNAS Rolls-Royce squadrons were formed of 12 vehicles each: one went to France; one to Africa to fight in the German colonies and in April 1915 two went to Gallipoli. From August 1915 onwards these were all disbanded and the materiel handed over to the Army which used them in the Light Armoured Motor Batteries of the Machine Gun Corps. The armoured cars were poorly suited to the muddy trench filled battlefields of the Western Front, but were able to operate in the Near East, so the squadron from France went to Egypt.


Lawrence of Arabia used a squadron in his operations against the Turkish forces.[He called the unit of nine armoured Rolls-Royces "more valuable than rubies" in helping win his Revolt in the Desert. This impression would last with him the rest of his life; when asked by a journalist what he thought would be the thing he would most value he said "I should like my own Rolls-Royce car with enough tyres and petrol to last me all my life".
                               
Two of thirteen Rolls-Royce armoured cars used during the Irish Civil War: The Fighting 2nd (ARR3) and The Big Fella (ARR8)
In the Irish Civil War (1922–1923), 13 Rolls-Royce armoured cars were given to the Irish Free State government by the British government to fight the Irish Republican Army. 
                    
They were a major advantage to the Free State in street fighting and in protecting convoys against guerrilla attacks and played a vital role part in the retaking of Cork and Waterford. Incredibly, despite continued maintenance problems and poor reaction to Irish weather, they continued in service until 1944, being withdrawn once new tyres became unobtainable. Twelve of the Irish Army examples were stripped and sold in 1954.


                              
At the outbreak of World War II, 76 vehicles were in service. They were used in operations in the Western Desert, in Iraq, and in Syria. By the end of 1941, they were withdrawn from the frontline service as modern armoured car designs became available. Some Indian Pattern cars saw use in the Indian subcontinent and Burma.

9 kommenttia:

  1. Very cool, and that was quick, thanks mate

    VastaaPoista
    Vastaukset
    1. Hello again S-D
      Thank belong again belongs to you yourself, buddy.
      Finnish text is a little more "comprehensive",
      but perhaps the translation of works / help somehow ...
      ... Now tentacle (Long-drink) and karaoke call ..
      (klo 9.50 now)

      Poista
    2. The Irish army restored the one Micheal Collins was in before he was killed
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3NBHLnDFYE

      Poista
    3. Good morning, S-K
      (Sorry this S-D)
      Very interesting video,
      Stylish armored car was fast ...
      The result was absolutely gorgeous

      Poista
  2. They were cool armoured cars! Great post again!

    VastaaPoista
    Vastaukset
    1. Good morning, you also Rodger
      Thank you for your comment.
      Morning coffee mug is in my front, and tastes good

      Poista
  3. Hartwall Original Long Drink is the original and most popular Finnish long drink. Hartwall brought a drink on the market in 1952.
    It was created for the Olympic Games idea is to offer complete cocktail of Helsinki restaurants incoming tourists.

    Alko (store monopol) had then been the drink selections.
    It is Alko's best selling brand.
    (all skandinavia states are alkohol monopol)

    The drink is prepared by gin and grapefruit. Its strength is 5.5 per cent by volume.
    In addition, strong drink is sold stronger version of (7.5%) and less energy-containing light versions.

    VastaaPoista
  4. A great looking model...and a beautiful post!

    VastaaPoista
    Vastaukset
    1. Hi, Phil
      I'm glad that you liked.
      Thank you for your kind words
      Have nice day

      Poista

Any explosive ammunition or empty cores, you can put in this.